Solids

The solid state of matter is characterized by particles that are tightly packed together in a fixed arrangement, often forming a regular pattern. These particles, which can be atoms, molecules, or ions, vibrate in place but do not move freely, giving solids a definite shape and volume. The strong forces of attraction between the particles keep them in a rigid structure, preventing them from flowing or expanding like liquids and gases. As a result, solids are generally incompressible and maintain their shape unless a significant force is applied. Common examples of solids include ice, metals, and crystals.